Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Typha latifolia online atlas of the british and irish flora. This page was last edited on 17 august 2016, at 15. Experimental studies in marshes of differing successional maturity. This study follows the outcome of longterm competition between a broadleaved and a narrowleaved typha species, t. The rhizomes develop shoots that eventually grow into new plants. Typha latifolia, called common cattail, is native to marshes, swamps and wetlands in north america, europe and asia. Typha latifolia definition of typha latifolia by the. This unique plant is best characterized by its large, cynidrical, brown spike of female flowers from which it gets its name. Pdf effects of water depth on typha latifolia and typha domingensis. Typha latifolia, broadleaved cattail, is distinguished from t.
Varieties subspecies cultivar common synonyms massula latifolia l. The roots are very shallow and are attached to rhizomes. Phenotypic and genotypic components of growth and reproduction in typha latifolia. Pdf intercontinental dispersal of typha angustifolia and t. Updated for itis by the flora of north america expertise network, in connection with an update for usda plants 20072010 reference for. They are often a nuisance but also perform an important function in keeping a lake healthy by filtering the runoffs.
The leaves have been mixed with oil and used as a poultice on sores. Anatomical traits related to stress in high density. Narrowleaf cattail is an erect, rhizomatous perennial that grows 3 to 6 feet 12 m tall 15. This perennial plant is about 49 tall and unbranched, consisting of 6 or more leaves and a flowering stalk. The terminal, cylindrical, inflorescence is arranged in two sections, the uppermost part the.
Plantas herbaceas acuaticas, enraizadas, emergentes, glabras, monoicas. This allows for the plant to rise above other wetland plants for more sunlight. The common cattail is a large marsh plant that measures approximately 90270 cm. Atlas of north european vascular plants north of the tropic of cancer. Written findings of the washington state noxious weed control board draft july, 20 scientific name. Typha latifolia synonyms, typha latifolia pronunciation, typha latifolia translation, english dictionary definition of typha latifolia.
Typha angustifolia generally occurs in deeper water than typha latifolia. In canada, broadleaf cattail occurs in all provinces and also in the yukon and northwest territories, and in the. Typha latifolia broadleaf cattail, bulrush, common bulrush, common cattail, catoninetails, great reedmace, coopers reed, cumbungi is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus typha. Features narrow, upright, swordlike, linear, mostly. Typha latifolia cattails are among the most common of all aquatic plants. Typha latifolia form dense monocultures when there is a wetland disturbance. Typhaceae of north america update, database version 2010 acquired. It is found as a native plant species in north and south america, europe, eurasia, and africa.
The common cattail has large underwater underground rhizomes that allow for quick and dense proliferation. Rhizomes are a thick horizontal stem that the roots grow out of. Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland for wastewater treat ment and assessment of its potential as a biomass fuel, biosys tems engineering, vol. Typha angustifolia general botanical characteristics. Pdf the structure and flexural properties of typha leaves. Typha angustifolia has fewer and larger rhizomes, resulting in a low rate of cloning but enabling it to grow in deeper water than typha latifolia. Narrowleaf and hybrid cattails form dense, singlespecies stands, while the broadleaf cattail colonies are less dense.
While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Foliage leaves are linear, erect, light green to greyish in color, thick, swordshaped, and flat with a sheath near the base. A pdf copy of all cited articles is available on the accompanying compact disk. Typha latifolia are very densely packed with tiny flowers, male flowers in top cluster and female flowers in bottom cluster uof, 2005. Longterm competitive displacement of typha latifolia by. Cattailsspread both vegetatively and by seed, particularly.
Typha latifolia cattails are among the most common of all aquatic. Typha latifolia has developed many ways to succeed in the wetland habitat. The pale grayishgreen basal leaves are thick, flat and 1 in 3 cm wide growing upright as tall as the flowering stalk. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes.
Typha latifolia, but the common cattail has wider leaves 12 to 1 inch wide and no gap exists on the stem between male and female flowers. Broadleaved cattail, tule espedilla, quenouille a feuilles larges erect shoots 150300 cm. Typha latifolia occurs in coastal and valley marshes at elevations lower than 2,000 m. Typha latifolia has 623 mm wide leaves that are flat, sheathing, and pale grayishgreen in. Broadleaf cattail hybridizes with both other north american cattail species, narrowleaved cattail t. Typha latifolia cattail family typhaceae description. Typha latifolia plant finder missouri botanical garden. Typha latifolia tall marsh plant with cylindrical seed heads that explode when mature shedding large quantities of down. Its lateral rhizomes, produced at the leaf base, can grow up to 27. This is fine when growing in its native habitat, but the plant can become a serious weeds in managed aquatic systems worldwide, where it can invade canals, ditches, reservoirs, cultivated fields, and farm ponds. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Pdf both species showed increases in maximum height with increasing depth. These plants have a variety of common names, in british english as bulrush or reedmace, in american english as reed, cattail, or punks, in australia as cumbungi or bulrush, in canada as bulrush or cattail, and in new zealand as raupo.
The pollen is astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, haemostatic, refrigerant, sedative, suppurative and vulnerary. The leaves are usually twisted, which can then catch water and. Typhaceae cattail family medicinal use of reedmace. This stalk is light green to green, glabrous, stiff, and round in crosssection terete. Typha latifolia generally occurs in shallower water than typha angustifolia. It is a marginal aquatic perennial that spreads by creeping rhizomes to form dense colonies in shallow water. This hybrid species can be difficult to identify, as it.
A hybrid between the two species typha x glauca is also present in scattered locations. They are soft and spongy with many air spaces to allow for more nutrients from the soil. Common cattail typha latifolia cattail family typhaceae description. Niche differentiation between two rhizomatous plant species.
Typha domingensis leaves only contained nalkyl ferulates with traces of nalkyl pcoumarates, while both types of compounds were present in typha latifolia leaf material. Typha latifolia broadleaf cattail wildflowers of the. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Common cattail is a marsh plant and so grows best in extremely moist environments including freshwater marshes, ditches, and shorelines. Both narrowleaf and hybrid cattails are superior competitors to broadleaf cattail, with the ability to dominate not only healthy wetlands, but also ditches and urban stormwater basins. Appearance typha latifolia is a perennial aquatic herb that can reach up to 6. Pdf the full effects of biological invasions may be underestimated in many areas. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120326 which reports it as an accepted name record 271005 with original publication details. The university of minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Typha angustifolia has a higher allocation to sexual reproduction.
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